SERGEY BUGAEV-AFRIKA

WEDGE | MASHA'S DREAM | ALLEGEDLY(NOT)A DREAM | BEGINNINGS | REBUS
Sergey Bugaev aka Afrika was born in 1966 in Novorossiysk.
​In the early 1980s moved to Leningrad, where he met and became friends with leaders of the art scene there, such as the painter Timur Novikov and musician Boris Grebenshchikov. Shortly thereafter he adopted the artistic moniker "Afrika" and began working as an artist himself. In 1987 he starred as Bananan, the lead character in the groundbreakingly avant garde film Assa by Russian film director Sergei Solovyov.

Afrika works mainly in performance and installation art. His 1993 project "Krimania" took the form of an initial performance, which involved the artist spending three weeks in a mental institution in Simferopol, Crimea, at the end of which he staged an exhibition for the patients and staff of the hospital.

The second part of the project was a major exhibition at the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna (MAK), entitled "Krimania: Icons, Monuments, Mazáfaka." The work addresses the issue of collective versus individual identity of the Soviet citizen after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

He is one of the most consistent activists of the Leningrad group "New Artists", founded by Timur Novikov in 1982. Since the early 1990s, he has been working with the topic of post-Soviet collective and individual consciousness and the transformation that has taken place in ideology. In his work, he refers to the heritage of the Russian avant-garde, the images of mass culture and the achievements of modern science.
EXHIBITIONS

In 1999 he has represented Russia at the 48th Venice Biennale with the main Russian project "MIR/Peace": Made in the 20th Century ".

COLLECTIONS

Works by Sergei Bugaev are in private and museum collections, incl. Tretyakov Gallery, State Russian Museum, MMOMA, MDF.
Nowadays lives and works in St.Petersburg.

BY THE WEDGE...

Author's comment:
One of the fundamental works of the 20th century "Beat the Whites by the Red Wedge" introduced the principle of politicization of color or over-exploitation of color into contemporary art. It was noted by a number of experts, including Jean-Francois Lyotard. Therefore, for a long time I have been trying to soften this form of subordination, developed by Lisitsky, or to continue its use in art, which no one had done before. As a matter of fact, the call to kill whites with a red triangle is a specific thing. It is considered only from the point of view of forms — the war of a triangle with a circle.
In my life it was time of studying the effects of color on the human body, so in a series of thirty-forty works on the basis of color change inside the work "Beat the Whites by the Red Wedge" I made a long way to the disappearance of the image of Lisitsky in the bubbles of the Schilling table. In the end, I had a work consisting of circles, but at the basis, if you look closely at these circles, you can see the same work by Lisitsky "Beat the Whites by the Red Wedge".

By the end of the 80s, Africa formed his own artistic language, already quite independent of the influence by Timur Novikov and other colleagues. It is based on collage and stencil, these techniques allowed Africa to outline a new stylistic field of borrowing and combining images.

In 1987 Afrika began a series of ironic paintings dedicated to the revolutionary Russian avant-garde, which came from his fascination by the art of Kazimir Malevich. In 1989 Africa began to expand the semantic boundaries of Soviet propaganda posters of the 20s, changing the color, some details and slogans. This is how he refers to the works of constructivists Alexander Rodchenko, Gustav Klutsis, El Lisitsky, whose main methods were collage and photomontage, they used ready-made images. We can say that Africa continues this tradition. His most famous series "Anti-Lisitsky" from 1989-1991, which included a number of different variations of the famous poster for the Red Army during the Civil War — "Beat the Whites by the Red Wedge" (1919-1920). By simple change of some details, Africa imparts its meaning by an actual political and socio-cultural irony. At the same time, this is a kind of "replication" of the image — a reference to his beloved American artist Andy Warhol.

Paradoxically, the avant-garde, which became the trumpet and visual embodiment of the Soviet propaganda program in the 20s, was literally rejected ten years later and completely dislodge from art by social realism based on academic training. Therefore, for artists addressing this heritage in the 80s and 90s is not only a deep work with cultural heritage, but also a work with national trauma.

Formed in the most advanced underground artistic environment of Leningrad, in his works Afrika timely and acutely reflected the dramatic changes taking place in Russia. The "Anti-Lisitsky" series is just an example that ironically reflects the instability and uncertainty in Russian society at the turn of the 80s and 90s.

From the article "Africa as a Phenomenon" (1992) by the American art historian and curator Louis Gracchos
Published in English AFRIKA catalog for a series of three solo exhibitions of the artist in the USA in 1992-1993, organized by the Fisher Gallery and the University of Southern California

MASHA'S DREAM IN THE HEAD OF PARTY ORGANIZER DUNAEV

The installation was created for the exhibition "Dreams of milk. Semiotic studies for the film adaptation of the novel "Mythogenic Love of Castes" at the Voznesensky Center (Moscow) in the summer 2022, curated by Artur Hvorostov.
In autumn 2022 it was presented at the booth of LUCH gallery at the Cosmoscow Art Fair.

FROM THE SERIES "ALLEGEDLY(NOT)A DREAM"

This is not Jacobson (Allegedly not a dream) The title of this series, based on Soviet flags, is a linguistic game that refers to the name of the scientist, world-famous Russian philologist Roman Yakobson, who in his scientific work devoted a large role to the analysis of the phenomenon of the Russian avant-garde. In his research of language, behavior and signs, he founded neurolinguistics and semiotics as sciences.
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Из серии "ЯКОБЫ(НЕ)СОН"
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Из серии "ЯКОБЫ(НЕ)СОН"
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Из серии "ЯКОБЫ(НЕ)СОН"
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Из серии "Афазия".
1993. Флаг, вышивка. 130х168 Продан

FROM THE SERIES "BEGINNINGS"

A series of works "Beginnings" was made by Sergei Bugaev in the enamel technique in 2000, this is the author's interpretation of the scientific view on the study and perception of the Universe. Cosmic massifs, cosmological units, points like black holes, ends and beginnings, the edge of the Universe ... Africa turns to the philosophy of cosmism and continues the search for Malevich and Kandinsky. He leads the line of succession of the society "Union 317", founded by Velimir Khlebnikov in the early twentieth century, and is the bearer of the title "Chairman of the Globe", which he received personally from the artist MM. Sinyakova-Urechina, who stood at the origins of this society of avant-garde poets and artists.
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Серия "Начала"
2000. Эмаль. 34х44см
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Серия "Начала"
2000. Эмаль. 34х44см
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Серия "Начала"
2000. Эмаль. 34х44см
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Серия "Начала"
2000. Эмаль. 34х44см
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Серия "Начала"
2000. Эмаль. 34х44см
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Серия "Начала"
2000. Эмаль. 34х44см
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Серия "Начала"
2000. Эмаль. 34х44см

FROM THE SERIES "REBUS"

In the beginning was the rebus. The rebus spoke by means of things. The rebus presupposed translation from the language of words to the language of things. The rebus presupposed translation from the language of things to the language of words.

However, there are moments in history when translation is impossible–when things cannot be formed into words, when words lose their components, or when words turn into things. Such an event takes place when a rebus is formed by an insane cryptographer.The rebus ceases to be a rebus. The rebus turns into an unsolvable puzzle.

Such an event also takes place when the rebus presents itself to the gaze of an outsider.

Letters and scraps of words take on the status of things. Speech reifies itself. The word becomes an image. The word itself and the letters become the same as esthetic images, enjoying the same rights as the representations of, say, a mushroom, an ABC primer, or a gallows. If the image speaks, then this speech is metaphorical. The image shouts and remains mute. A conversation by means of images (that is, a conversation by means of fragments of words, letters, and things) reminds us of the fact that we live in an age of total visualization, in an epoch of thought dominated by the right hemisphere of the brain, in an epoch when the screening of a novel displaces the novel itself.

Using the example of the appearance of images on copper plates designated “rebuses,” it is possible to trace a certain evolution in the artist’s activities and in the sphere of esthetic images and in the sphere of the visual as a whole.

The first rebuses were created by Sergei Bugaev (Afrika) as Soviet rebuses of the 1950s, reappropriated and displaced onto different material.
Three types of works were generated. First, independent elements started to insinuate themselves into the reappropriated rebuses, the elements distorting the message (Rebus #1,9). The longer the work went on, the more and more such elements appeared. In the final analysis, the changes and distortions of the “original” made it impossible to read the rebus, to translate the graphic syntax into the symbolic register of definite language.

On the other hand, the esthetic process of adding to the burden continued because of the images on the copper surface. The logical key to reading was lost, and the rebus turned into an unsolvable puzzle. Moreover, whereas earlier all elements were familiar to the Russian audience, subsequently rebuses appeared which were created initially on an “alien” American basis.

Other rebuses appeared, absent the images, with a smooth mirror-like surface reflecting light and playing with the patterns of geometric forms, depending on the angle at which the light fell (installation views).

A third category of rebuses appeared with displaced pictures on the copper surface: including an engraving by Durer and the figure of the crucified Christ crowned by the head of Lenin.

All three types of rebuses came to bear less and less resemblance to rebuses and more and more resemblance to puzzles assuming a multitude of interpretations.

Thus, a general tendency is evident in this evolution: Rebuses changed from works read symbolically–even if read in fragments-to the puzzle which appeals to the onlooker with its affective “field,” its space of the imagined. The puzzle takes on the status of an esthetic object; in its resistance to being read literally, it is freed from its serviceable function, affording the pleasure of solution.

The observed shift from the symbolic to the imagined reflects the moment in the evolution of a man when, in his eyes, a general shift from the symbolic to the imagined takes place–or in the case of a novel, when there is a shift from the text-story to the actualization and activation of the video story. From the viewpoint of psychogenesis, the shift can be seen as regression, as its own kind of adaptive reaction to the distorting of territory –the change on earth in the global sense by way of telepresence, by way of high-speed airplane flight, by way of virtual reality’s entering into life; and in the local sense, by way of the disintegration of the Soviet identity. In addition, this shift is an evolution toward the fulfillment of various unconscious desires and fantasies. What s more, this shift is an adaptive reaction to the reconstruction of a common language. And, finally, this shift is the adaptive reaction to a drastic change in the surrounding visual space. The artist directs his gaze toward the primary image, to the imaginary, to the regressive puzzles. The regressive puzzles are a series of partial objects-or images-not gathered into an integral single image.

The combination of images, things, and remainders of letters, words, and phrases on one surface demonstrates the overburdening of the sphere of visual images in its entirety (Regressive Puzzle, STF9, Rebus #26). It demonstrates the schizophrenia of the surrounding space. In other words, it is not only a question of representation, but a criticism of it. A critique of representation is connected to the mechanism of segregation. A definite representation imposes upon us a certain world view, rejecting the rest of those that might be possible. These are laws by which we live, even if we are not aware of them. Fragments of these laws break through in the regressive puzzles on the surface, emerging from the innermost depths of the unconscious. The letters “l”, “v”, “o” seep through, first words such as mama, scraps of phrases such as mazafaka.

These works are united not only by the technique involved-that is, various layers of staining with acid on the copper-coated plates. They are connected not only by the regressively enigmatic images, the remainders of words and things, but also by the dynamic of reflecting the surrounding world with its multiple languages, multiple fragments of knowledge, multiple torrents of information, and the absence of a unified picture of the world. It is possible to regard the regressive puzzles as a multi-layered cake – or “palimpsest.” The word palimpsest is appropriate here, not only in connection with the semantic multiple meanings, but also in connection with the fact that under one surface another is hidden; on one surface, one or two or three are accumulated.

In this metaphoric-metonymic layering, the spectator finds not visual cliches, but separate images that affect him personally. These images, together with the remains of words, are reminiscent of that moment of personal and general history when speech appeared, when sounds were transformed into messages separated from things, when speech became the most important socializing element in the human community. Regression to this situation of the origin of speech and thought turns into progress of an esthetic kind.

From the orderly visual cliches of advertising, television, and architecture, the artist inclines toward the spree of the phantasmic. The phantasmic sphere is connected to the sensory sphere – to which W. Ben jamin dreamed of returning man in his critique of mass culture.

Evidently art also gives us the chance to return to our own feelings. Under the influence of mass hypnosis through the hyper-stimulating mechanisms of a surfeit of visual, auditory, and conceptual input, what the artist calls “semiotic freezing” or a “semiotic hunger strike” takes place. This freezing of the discursive space puts into operation the visual esthetic as anesthetic.

The artist undertakes efforts to defrost, to start up a certain centrifugal force-drawing images or separate words from the history of art, politics, different languages, profanity, the iconic representation of God’s eye, icons; and places all on the mirror-like copper plane. All of this rapidly scatters in every direction from the place where the artist had hidden himself.

The unsealing of the larger sphere through a certain selection and reification of letters, words, and images appeals to a special type of memory, which is eidetic memory. It should be remembered that eidetic memory is this capacity to retain exclusively clear and bright images of objects seen. Eidectic memory becomes vitally important at moments when coherent grammatical structures are disturbed.

Eidetic memory is characteristic of mnemonists, people who remember everything. A.R. Luria described such a one when he referred to the “absolute” memory of Mnemonist Sh. He had an eidetic memory that reified not just semantic units, but also separate sound combinations. Mnemonist Sh. formed from these distinctive “rebuses” ways of “recollection,” which invariably led him to his childhood home. Another instance, also described by Luria, involved a man who had lost his memory as the result of a serious wound. Z’s sense of grammatical connections, the logical consistencies, was disrupted, but at the same time his vivid childhood memories were exclusively preserved. This man could not compose letters into words, or words into sentences. In order to remember, for example, the letter “sh,” he had to remember the name of his sister (Shura). After he had lost his memory, he spent all his time solving puzzles in which his own image rose up after each sound combination. In that way both the loss of memory and absolute memory deprived him of the opportunity to make use of a grown man’s discourse. Thus did Mnemonist Sh. and the patient Z. return, each in his own way, to regressive puzzles.

Puzzles appear before the onlooker, allowing him to regress to childhood instruction, to play games with blocks. The word cannot be reduced to the thing. Being overburdened with images delays perception. What is depicted here? Where are these images from? They return to you in dreams.
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Серия "Ребусы"
1995. Медь на текстолите, травление. 105х95
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Серия "Ребусы"
1995. Медь на текстолите, травление. 105х95
Сергей Бугаев-Африка. Серия "Ребусы"